Robert Phillipson - "linguistic imperialism" 1992

 Robert Phillipson - "linguistic imperialism" 1992

Robert Phillipson, a linguist, and researcher is known for his work on linguistic imperialism. In his influential book titled "Linguistic Imperialism" (1992), Phillipson explores the ways in which English, as a global language, is used as a tool of cultural and economic domination by English-speaking countries. Here are some key points from Phillipson's work:

Definition of Linguistic Imperialism:

Phillipson defines linguistic imperialism as "the dominance asserted and retained by the establishment and continuous reconstitution of structural and cultural inequalities between English and other languages."

English as a Global Language:

Phillipson acknowledges the spread of English as a global language but critically examines the power dynamics associated with its global dominance. He argues that the spread of English is often connected with historical and contemporary processes of imperialism, colonialism, and economic dominance.

Cultural and Economic Impact:

The book explores how the use of English in international communication, business, and education can lead to the marginalization and devaluation of other languages and cultures. This process, according to Phillipson, can perpetuate global inequalities.

Language Teaching and Cultural Subordination:

Phillipson criticizes the ways in which English language teaching, especially in non-English-speaking countries, can reinforce a sense of cultural inferiority and subordination. He argues that language teaching often promotes the cultural values of the native English-speaking countries.

Resistance and Alternatives:

Phillipson encourages language planners and educators to resist linguistic imperialism and promote linguistic and cultural diversity. He advocates for the empowerment of local languages and the development of language policies that reflect the needs and aspirations of the communities they serve.

Educational Policies:

The book discusses how English language teaching, particularly in the context of English as a Second Language (ESL) or English as a Foreign Language (EFL) programs, can unintentionally contribute to linguistic imperialism if it neglects the cultural context and reinforces an Anglo-centric worldview.

It's important to note that while Phillipson's work has been influential in highlighting the challenges associated with linguistic imperialism, it has also faced criticism. Some argue that the spread of English can have positive aspects, such as increased opportunities for communication and access to information, but Phillipson's work serves as a significant contribution to the critical discourse on language, power, and globalization.